Evolution of the Horse Packs

[SLGray 539]

Creator: Moondawg



Evolution of the Horse Pack  (single files)

The horse belongs to an order known as the Perissodactyls, or "odd-toed ungulates", which all share hoofed feet and an odd number of toes on each foot.
Horses appeared to be absent from the Americas until the Spanish Conquistadors brought domestic horses from Europe in the 16th Century, and escaped horses quickly established large wild herds. The early naturalist Buffon suggested in the 1760s that this was an indication of inferiority of fauna in the New World, then later reconsidered this idea. William Clark's 1807 expedition to Big Bone Lick found "leg and foot bones of the Horses" which were included with other fossils sent to Thomas Jefferson and evaluated by the anatomist Caspar Wistar, but neither commented on the significance of this find.

During the Beagle survey expedition the young naturalist Charles Darwin had remarkable success with fossil hunting in Patagonia. On 10 October 1833 at Santa Fe, Argentina, he was "filled with astonishment" when he found a horse's tooth in the same stratum as fossil giant armadillos, and wondered if it might have been washed down from a later layer, but concluded that this was "not very probable". After the expedition returned in 1836 the anatomist Richard Owen confirmed that the tooth was from an extinct species which he subsequently named Equus curvidens, and remarked that "This evidence of the former existence of a genus, which, as regards South America, had become extinct, and has a second time been introduced into that Continent, is not one of the least interesting fruits of Mr. Darwin's palæontological discoveries."

In 1848 a study On the fossil horses of America by Joseph Leidy systematically examined Pleistocene horse fossils from various collections including that of the Academy of Natural Sciences and concluded that there had been at least two ancient horse species in North America, Equus curvidens and another which he named Equus americanus, but a decade later he found that name had already been taken and renamed it Equus complicatus. In the same year he visited Europe and was introduced by Owen to Darwin.

Also included in this pack is the Hipparion and the Merychippus both files have been updated to work with ZT so you won't need DD or CC to use them.

The only Horse not in this pack is the Equus.

This Pack includes single ztd's.

DinohippusMD_2008.ztd HipparionMD_2008.ztd HyracotheriumMD_2008.ztd KalobatippusMD_2008.ztd MerychippusMD_2008.ztd MesohippusMD_2008.ztd MiohippusMD_2008.ztd OrohippusMD_2008.ztd ParahippusMD_2008.ztd PlesippusMD_2008.ztd PliohippusMD_2008.ztd

Edited June 6, 2019 by SLGray

[SLGray 539]

Designer: Moondawg




The horse belongs to an order known as the Perissodactyls, or "odd-toed ungulates", which all share hoofed feet and an odd number of toes on each foot.
Horses appeared to be absent from the Americas until the Spanish Conquistadors brought
domestic horses from Europe in the 16th Century, and escaped horses quickly established
large wild herds. The early naturalist Buffon suggested in the 1760s that this was an
indication of inferiority of fauna in the New World, then later reconsidered this idea.

William Clark's 1807 expedition to Big Bone Lick found "leg and foot bones of the Horses"
which were included with other fossils sent to Thomas Jefferson and evaluated by the
anatomist Caspar Wistar, but neither commented on the significance of this find.

During the Beagle survey expedition the young naturalist Charles Darwin had remarkable
success with fossil hunting in Patagonia. On 10 October 1833 at Santa Fe, Argentina, he
was "filled with astonishment" when he found a horse's tooth in the same stratum as fossil
giant armadillos, and wondered if it might have been washed down from a later layer, but
concluded that this was "not very probable". After the expedition returned in 1836 the
anatomist Richard Owen confirmed that the tooth was from an extinct species which he subsequently named Equus curvidens, and remarked that "This evidence of the former
existence of a genus, which, as regards South America, had become extinct, and has a
second time been introduced into that Continent, is not one of the least interesting fruits of Mr. Darwin's palæontological discoveries."
In 1848 a study On the fossil horses of America by Joseph Leidy systematically examined
Pleistocene horse fossils from various collections including that of the Academy of Natural Sciences and concluded that there hadbeen at least two ancient horse species in
North America, Equus curvidens and another which he named Equus americanus, but a decade
later he found that name had already been taken and renamed it Equus complicatus. In the
same year he visited Europe and was introduced by Owen to Darwin.

Also included in this pack is the Hipparion and the Merychippus both files have been updated to work with ZT so you won't need DD or CC to use them.

This pack is a combined pack so if you already have Hipparion and Merychippus then the single files will need to be removed from the update or dlupdate folder.

EOTHMD_2008.ztd

Edited June 6, 2019 by SLGray

[silverwren 28]

New download links have been added.

[SLGray 539]

The attachments have been added.